Select Bibliography

1. Bachrach, Bernard S., Early Carolingian Warfare – Prelude to Empire, University of Pennsylvania Press (2001) HC

2. Bachrach, Bernard S., The Imperial Roots of Merovingian Military Organization, in N. Jorgensen & B. L. Clausen, eds., Military Aspects of Scandinavian Society in a European Perspective, AD 1-1300, papers from an international research seminar at the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen, 2-4 May 1996 (1997)

3. Bachrach, Bernard S., Merovingian Military Organization 481-751, University of Minnesota Press (1972) HC

4. Collins, Roger, The Arab Conquest of Spain 710-797, Blackwell (1994)

5. Fouracre, Paul, The Age of Charles Martel, Longman (2000)

6. Halsall, Guy, Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450-900, Routledge (2003)

7. James, Edward, The Militarisiation of Roman Society, 400-700, in N. Jorgensen & B. L. Clausen, eds., Military Aspects of Scandinavian Society in a European Perspective, AD 1-1300, papers from an international research seminar at the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen, 2-4 May 1996 (1997)

8. Kennedy, Hugh, The Armies of the Caliphs – Military History and Society in the Early Islamic State, Routledge (2001)

9. Lago, Jose Ignacio; Perez, Manuel Gonzalez & Pinto, Angel Garcia, illus., La Perdida de Espana Del Guadalette a Covadonga, Almena (2004)

10. Nickerson, Hoffman, Warfare in the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages, Dover Publications, Inc. (2003)

11. Nicole, David, The Medieval Warfare Source Book – Vol 2: Christian Europe and Its Neighbors, Brockhampton Press (1996)

12. Nicole, David, The Medieval Warfare Source Book – Vol. 1:Warfare in Western Christendom, Brockhampton Press (1999)

13. Nicole, David, & McBride, Angus, illus., The Armies of Islam 7th-11th Centuries, Osprey Publishing Ltd. (1982)

14. Nicole, David & McBride, Angus, illus., The Armies of the Muslim Conquest, Osprey Publishing Ltd. (1993)

15. Nicole, David & McBride, Angus, illus., The Moors – the Islamic West 7th-15th Centuries AD, Osprey Publishing Ltd. (2001)

16. Oman, Sir Charles, The Art of War in the Middle Ages – Volume One: 378-1278 AD, Greenhill Books (1998)

17. Riche, Pierre, Allen, Michael Idomir, trans., The Carolingians – A Family Who Forged Europe, University of Pennsylvania Press (1993)

18. Verbruggen, J.F.; Willard, Sumner & Southern, R.W., trans., The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages From The Eighth Century to 1340, The Boydell Press (2d rev. ed 1997)

19. Watson, William E., The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited, in Providence: Studies in Western Civilization, v. 2 n. 1(1993)

20. Wolfe, Kenneth Baxter, trans. Conquerors and Chroniclers of Ealry Medieval Spain, Liverpool University Press (1990)

21. Wood, Ian, The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751, Longman (1994)

Forgive the use of some out of period illustrations however there are few directly from the period. Their use was purely artistic and hopefully they capture the flavor of the period. ed.